·  The circular economy is a crucial approach that must be part of the initial product development and design process. The smart energy storage system is an example of circular energy use with batteries, where the batteries used to power a bus can also be used to supply power to a residential complex.

·  Remanufacturing used parts through recovery, disassembly, and repair along with recycling the components are two vital ways to make manufacturing sustainable. The energy needed by the Volvo Group to remanufacture some of their parts is 80% less than to manufacture a product from scratch. 

·  Recycling is vital to increase resource efficiency. Secondary steel production uses 74% less energy than virgin steel production. The demand for 100% fossil-free steel created using fossil-free electricity and green hydrogen will significantly grow in long term.

Access article: World Economic Forum